Kedudukan Ilmu Falsafah dalam Islam Menurut Al-Ghazālī (1058-1111 M)
Philosphy in Islam According to Al-Ghazālī (1058-1111 M)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol8no1.529Keywords:
falsafah, al-Ghazali, al-Munqidh min al-DalālAbstract
Abstrak: Abū Hamīd al-Ghazālī merupakan ilmuwan Islam yang telah menguasai pelbagai bidang ilmu Pengajian Islam seperti fiqh, akidah, akhlak dan tasawuf. Penulisan Iḥyā’ ʿUlūm al-Dīn yang mengharmonikan cabang-cabang keilmuwan Islam telah membuktikan kesarjanaan al-Ghazālī. Walaupun begitu, beliau juga telah memberikan sumbangan yang signifikan dalam bidang falsafah dan pemikiran. Antara karya beliau dalam bidang falsafah ialah Maqāṣid al-Falāsifah, Tahāfut al-Falāsifah dan al-Munqidh min al-Ḍalāl. Karya-karya tersebut menjelaskan kritikan beliau terhadap falsafah terutamanya falsafah Yunani. Oleh yang demikian, artikel ini akan membincangkan tentang kedudukan falsafah dalam Islam menurut pandangan al-Ghazālī. Penulisan ini akan merujuk kepada karya al-Ghazālī terutamanya autobiografi beliau yang terkenal iaitu al-Munqidh min al-Ḍalāl. Dalam membincangkan tentang kedudukan falsafah dalam Islam, al-Ghazālī telah meletakkan satu neraca pertimbangan yang adil dan berhikmah. Beliau telah memberikan peringatan kepada mereka yang meminati falsafah dan bersikap lunak terhadapnya bahawa terdapat bahaya dalam menerima falsafah secara total, manakala terdapat bahaya menolak falsafah bagi mereka yang lantang mengkritik dan menolak falsafah. Ini kerana menurut al-Ghazālī, terdapat manfaat dalam ilmu falsafah dan pada masa yang sama terdapat mudaratnya. Oleh itu, sikap kritis dan pendekatan berhikmah yang telah dibentangkan oleh al-Ghazālī dalam falsafah ini boleh dijadikan panduan bagi cendiakawan Islam pada hari ini dalam menghadapi ilmu asing terutamanya yang datang daripada Barat.
Abstract: Abu Hamīd al-Ghazālī is an Islamic scholar who has studied various fields of Islamic Studies such as fiqh, theology, ethics and sufism. The writing of Iḥyā' ʿUlūm al-Dīn which harmonizes the branches of Islamic science has proved al-Ghazālī’s scholarship. Even so, he has also made significant contributions in the field of philosophy and thought. Among his works in the field of philosophy are Maqāṣid al-Falāsifah, Tahāfut al-Falāsifah and al-Munqidh min al-Ḍalāl. The works explain his criticism of philosophy, especially on the Greek philosophy. Therefore, this article will discuss the position of philosophy in Islam according to al-Ghazālī. This writing will refer to al-Ghazālī’s work, especially his famous autobiography, al-Munqidh min al-Ḍalāl. In discussing the position of philosophy in Islam, al-Ghazālī has put a fair and wise balance of judgment. He has warned those who are interested in philosophy and are lenient towards it that there is a danger in accepting philosophy in total, while there is also a danger in rejecting philosophy for those who loudly criticize and reject philosophy. This is because according to al-Ghazālī, there are benefits in philosophy and at the same time there are harms. Therefore, the critical attitude and wise approach presented by al-Ghazālī in philosophy can be used as a guide for Islamic scholars today in facing foreign knowledge, especially from the West.
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