Burgeoning of Islamic Cultures and Lifestyles in Malaysia: Conservatism Revisited
Kebangkitan Budaya dan Gaya Hidup Islam di Malaysia: Penilaian Semula Konsep Konservatism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol3no2.61Abstract
In Malaysia, the burgeoning of Islamic cultures and lifestyles including the expansion and stringent shariah implementation, Islamic fashions and Islamic programs or events are all associated with deepening conservatism. On one hand, it is perceived as a promising development, but on the other hand it is also presumed as a threat to tolerance and moderate values endorsed by Islam. This is simply because conservatism is often misinterpreted as extreme, exclusive, discriminative and oppressive attitudes and actions. But does conservatism really reflect and promote those detrimental values? How does conservatism as a concept that often used in political and social discourse can be used as a tool to explain religious phenomena? Using content analysis, this paper attempts to uncover the concept of conservatism from the theological and philosophical perspectives and discusses the relevance of conservatism and other existing categories of Islamic thought in Malaysia. This paper proposes that conservatism is a philosophy that is against the idea of autonomy of reason without revelation. Conservatism therefore is known as “philosophy of imperfection.” Any negative attitudes or actions are not caused by conservatism, nevertheless, they are due to the sole dependence on imperfect human reason that is unaided but revelation. This finding has revisited and redefined the existing concept of conservatism and other categories of Islamic thought according to Malaysian context and consequently explains the by-product of the burgeoning of Islamic cultures and lifestyles in Malaysia. Future research should focus on empirical method to assess conservatism and its effects on Malaysian society.
Keywords: Islam, cultures, conservatism, thought, Malaysia
Abstrak: Di Malaysia, kebangkitan budaya dan gaya hidup Islam termasuklah pengembangan dan pelaksanaan shariah yang ketat, fesyen-fesyen dan program-program atau acara-acara berbentuk keislaman semuanya dikaitkan dengan peningkatan konservatisme. Di satu sudut, ia dilihat sebagai perkembangan yang menggalakkan, namun di satu sudut yang lain ia dilihat sebagai satu ancaman kepada nilai-nilai toleransi dan kesederhanaan yang dianjurkan oleh Islam. Ini adalah kerana konservatisme sering disalahtafsirkan sebagai sikap dan perilaku yang ekstrim, eksklusif, diskriminatif dan opresif. Namun adakah konservatisme benar-benar mencerminkan dan mempromosikan nilai-nilai yang memudaratkan tersebut? Bagaimanakah konservatisme sebagai konsep yang kerap digunapakai dalam wacana politik dan sosial boleh digunakan sebagai alat untuk menerangkan fenomena agama? Dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan, makalah ini cuba untuk mendedahkan konsep konservatisme daripada perspektif teologi dan falsafah serta membincangkan perkaitan konservatisme dan konsep-konsep pemikiran Islam yang sedia ada di Malaysia. Makalah ini mencadangkan bahawa konservatisme adalah sebuah falsafah yang menentangi kekuasaan akal tanpa bimbingan wahyu. Oleh yang demikian, konservatisme dikenali sebagai “falsafah ketidaksempurnaan.” Sebarang sikap-sikap atau tindakan-tindakan yang negatif bukanlah disebabkan oleh konservatisme, namun ia disebabkan oleh pergantungan semata-mata kepada akal manusia yang tidak sempurna yang tidak dibimbing oleh wahyu. Penemuan ini telah menyemak dan mendefinisi semula konsep konservatisme sedia ada dan kategori-kategori pemikiran Islam yang lain bersesuaian dengan konteks Malaysia dan seterusnya menerangkan kesan tidak langsung peningkatan budaya dan gaya hidup Islam di Malaysia. Kajian akan datang sepatutnya menumpukan pada kaedah empirikal untuk menilai konservatisme dan kesannya ke atas masyarakat Malaysia.
Katakunci: Islam, budaya, konservatisme, pemikiran, Malaysia
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