Kaedah Terapi Muzik di Hospital (Darüşşifa) Era Kerajaan Seljuk Pada Abad ke-12M sehingga Abad ke-14M
The Method of Music Therapy in Darüşşifas (Hospitals) during Seljuk Era from 12th Century Until 14th Century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol7no2.403Keywords:
Darüşşifa, Institusi Kesihatan, Kerajaan Seljuk, Penyakit Mental, Terapi MuzikAbstract
Abstrak: Hospital (darüşşifa) merupakan antara institusi sosial terawal yang dibangunkan oleh kerajaan Seljuk bagi menyediakan khidmat perubatan kepada masyarakat awam di Anatolia. Menariknya, darüşşifa dalam kerajaan Seljuk turut menggunakan terapi muzik sebagai salah satu kaedah bagi rawatan penyakit mental. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti institusi darüşşifa dalam kerajaan Seljuk di Anatolia yang menawarkan rawatan terapi muzik sekaligus mengkaji kaedah pelaksanaan rawatan tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan pendekatan reka bentuk kajian sejarah dan analisis kandungan berpandukan pelbagai sumber berautoriti dan seterusnya dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis teks serta deduktif. Dapatan kajian ini jelas menunjukkan bahawa terdapat sekurang-kurangnya 25 buah institusi darüşşifa yang dibina di Anatolia. Daripada jumlah tersebut, hanya tiga darüşşifa sahaja yang menawarkan rawatan menggunakan terapi muzik iaitu Gevher Nesibe Darüşşifa (1205-1206M) di Kayseri, Divriği Ulu Mosque and Darüşşifa di Sivas (1228-1229M) dan Amber ibn Abdullah Darüşşifa di Amasya (1308-1309M). Manakala kaedah terapi muzik yang dikenal pasti digunakan adalah melalui persembahan oleh sekumpulan pemuzik, bunyi air dari kolam air pancut serta inovasi sistem akustik yang dibina pada struktur bangunan hospital. Kaedah rawatan penyakit mental melalui terapi muzik yang dibangunkan oleh kerajaan Seljuk tidak hanya berakhir pada awal abad-14M malahan kesinambungan kaedah tersebut turut dapat dilihat pada era seterusnya iaitu dalam kerajaan Uthmaniyyah.
Abstract: Darüşşifa (hospital) is one of the earliest social institutions developed by the Seljuk Empire to provide medical services to the public in Anatolia. Interestingly, darüşşifa in the Seljuk Empire also used music therapy as one of the methods for the treatment of mental illness. Thus, this study was conducted to identify the Seljuk darüşşifa in Anatolia that offering the treatment of music therapy as well as analyzes the methods of implementing the treatment. This study uses a qualitative methodological approach by using historical research design and content analysis based on various authoritative sources and later analyzed using thematic analysis of text method and deductive approach. The findings of this study clearly show that there are at least 25 darüşşifas institutions built in Anatolia. Only three darüşşifa offer treatment using music therapy, namely Gevher Nesibe Darüşşifa (1205-1206M) in Kayseri, Divriği Ulu Mosque and Darüşşifa in Sivas (1228-1229M) and Amber Ibn Abdullah Darüşşifa in Amasya (1308-1309M). While the identified music therapy methods used was through the performances by a group of musicians, the flow of water from fountains as well as the innovation of acoustic systems built on the structure of hospital buildings. The method of treatment of mental illness through music therapy developed by the Seljuk Empire not only ended in the early 14th century but the continuation of the method can also be seen in the next era, in the Ottoman Empire.
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