Perkembangan Institusi Wakaf Kesihatan (Daruşşifa) Dalam Kerajaan ‘Uthmaniyyah

Nur Ainul Basyirah Alias; Ermy Azziaty Rozali

doi:10.33102/sainsinsani.vol1no1.9

Authors

Nur Ainul Basyirah Alias
Ermy Azziaty Rozali

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol1no1.9

Abstract

Waqf health institution or waqf hospital is one of the charity centre built by the Ottoman ruler. It was rapidly growth and became an example and had proven of social justice in Islam. It was built in almost every central government administration such as Istanbul, Edirne and Bursa. Besides, this institution is also built with other unit in a complex building such as public kitchen, library, mosque, school, college, and public bath. Along with the development of science and technology in 15th and 16th century, this waqf health institution also used as a medical school. This study aim to assess the development of waqf in this institution classify by category of waqf hospital built in Ottoman empire. In addition, the study was conducted by using qualitative method and historical studies. While, the data collection used the method of document analysis to analyse the data. In this research, all hospitals were supported by waqf funds. Through this study, it can be concluded that the waqf hospital were established by waqf funds from Ottoman ruler or wealthy persons.
Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Waqf Hospital, Medicine, Islamic Civilisation.

Abstrak: Institusi wakaf kesihatan yang dipelopori dengan pesat dalam kerajaan ‘Uthmaniyyah merupakan salah satu cabang kebajikan sosial daripada pemerintah kepada rakyat. Ia terbina hampir di setiap pusat pemerintahan kerajaan’ Uthmaniyyah seperti Istanbul, Edirne dan Bursa. Malah, institusi ini turut dibina bersama beberapa unit bangunan lain di dalam kompleks wakaf contohnya dapur awam, sekolah perubatan, tempat mandi (hamam), perpustakaan dan masjid. Seiring dengan perkembangan sains dan teknologi dalam kerajaan ‘Uthmaniyyah pada abad ke-15M, institusi kesihatan ini bergerak dan beroperasi sebagai satu tempat mempraktikkan ilmu sains perubatan yang dipelajari dalam institusi pendidikan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perkembangan institusi kesihatan wakaf dalam kerajaan ‘Uthmaniyyah di samping meneliti penubuhan institusi ini dengan mengkelaskannya mengikut tahun. Selain itu, kajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif yang berbentuk kajian sejarah manakala, kaedah pengumpulan data pula menggunakan kaedah analisis dokumen. Hospital-hospital yang dikaji adalah hospital dalam kerajaan ‘Uthmaniyyah yang menjalankan aktiviti daripada pembiayaan dana wakaf. Melalui kajian ini dapat diketahui bahawa institusi wakaf kesihatan ini ditubuhkan hasil pembiayaan dana wakaf yang datangnya daripada pemerintah atau orang perseorangan yang kaya.
Kata kunci: Kerajaan ‘Uthmaniyyah, hospital wakaf, sains perubatan, tamadun Islam.

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Author Biographies

Nur Ainul Basyirah Alias

Jabatan Pengajian Arab dan Tamadun Islam, Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia

Ermy Azziaty Rozali

Jabatan Pengajian Arab dan Tamadun Islam, Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia

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