Kerangka Konseptual Pengintegrasian Kecerdasan Buatan Generatif (GenAI) dalam Pentaksiran Bahasa Melayu di Sekolah Rendah

A Conceptual Framework for the Integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in Malay Language Assessment in Primary Schools

Abstract

Abstrak: Transformasi pendidikan digital telah memperkenalkan pelbagai teknologi baharu dalam amalan pengajaran dan pentaksiran, termasuklah Kecerdasan Buatan Generatif (GenAI). GenAI merujuk kepada teknologi yang mampu menjana kandungan baharu secara automatik dan berpotensi meningkatkan kecekapan serta keberkesanan pentaksiran. Walau bagaimanapun, pelaksanaannya dalam konteks pentaksiran Bahasa Melayu masih terbatas. Justeru, kertas konsep ini menumpukan kepada penilaian keperluan pengintegrasian GenAI dalam pentaksiran Bahasa Melayu di sekolah rendah. Penilaian keperluan merupakan proses sistematik bagi mengenal pasti jurang antara keadaan semasa dengan keadaan ideal, serta menentukan langkah strategik bagi memenuhi keperluan pendidikan. Metodologi kertas konsep ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis dokumen dan sorotan literatur sistematik bagi mengenal pasti keperluan, cabaran dan strategi pengintegrasian GenAI dalam pentaksiran Bahasa Melayu. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan GenAI mampu membantu guru dalam pemarkahan, penjanaan soalan adaptif dan pemberian maklum balas formatif. Namun begitu, cabaran seperti literasi digital yang rendah, kekurangan data berkualiti dalam Bahasa Melayu, dan jurang kemudahan antara sekolah bandar dan luar bandar perlu diatasi secara strategik. Kertas konsep ini turut mencadangkan amalan terbaik seperti model pentaksiran hibrid, latihan profesional yang menyeluruh, serta pembangunan dasar penggunaan GenAI secara beretika dan terkawal. Kesimpulannya, penilaian keperluan ini menjadi asas penting dalam membina kerangka pelaksanaan GenAI yang berkesan dan mampan dalam pentaksiran Bahasa Melayu, sejajar dengan tuntutan Revolusi Industri 4.0 dan 5.0. Sehubungan dengan itu, cadangan untuk kajian lanjutan yang boleh diketengahkan adalah kajian berbentuk eksperimen bagi menilai keberkesanan penggunaan GenAI dalam pentaksiran Bahasa Melayu dari segi aspek peningkatan pencapaian pelajar, kualiti maklum balas dan kefahaman kandungan.  

Abstract: The digital transformation in education has introduced various new technologies in teaching and assessment practices, including Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI). GenAI refers to technology capable of automatically generating new content and has the potential to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of assessment. However, its implementation in the context of Malay language assessment remains limited. Therefore, this concept paper focuses on a needs assessment for the integration of GenAI in Malay language assessment at the primary school level. A needs assessment is a systematic process to identify the gap between current conditions and the ideal state, as well as to determine strategic steps to address educational requirements. The methodology of this concept paper employs a document analysis and systematic literature review approach to identify the needs, challenges, and strategies for integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) into Malay Language assessment. Findings indicate that the use of GenAI can support teachers in scoring, generating adaptive questions, and providing formative feedback. Nevertheless, challenges such as low digital literacy, a lack of high-quality Malay language data, and infrastructure disparities between urban and rural schools need to be addressed strategically. This concept paper also proposes best practices such as adopting a hybrid assessment model, comprehensive professional training, and the development of ethical and regulated policies for GenAI use. In conclusion, this needs assessment serves as an essential foundation for building an effective and sustainable framework for the implementation of GenAI in Malay language assessment, aligned with the demands of the Fourth and Fifth Industrial Revolutions. Accordingly, further experimental studies are recommended to evaluate the effectiveness of GenAI in Malay language assessment in terms of student achievement, feedback quality, and content comprehension.