Aspirasi Masyarakat Terhadap Sekolah Agama dan Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan: Community Aspiration Towards Religous and National Type Schools

Faridah Salleh; Aisah Mat Dan; Rabi'atul Aribah Muhamad Isa@Omar; Syed Lamsah Syed Chear; Latipah  Mohd Noor

doi:10.33102/sainsinsani.vol8no2.558

Authors

Faridah Salleh Fakulti Pendidikan dan Sains Sosial, Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Aisah Mat Dan Fakulti Pendidikan dan Sains Sosial, Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Rabi'atul Aribah Muhamad Isa@Omar Fakulti Pendidikan dan Sains Sosial, Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Syed Lamsah Syed Chear Fakulti Pendidikan dan Sains Sosial, Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2888-6120
Latipah Mohd Noor Pusat Tahmidi, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol8no2.558

Keywords:

sekolah kebangsaan, sekolah jenis kebangsaan, sekolah agama, stratifikasi pendidikan, silang budaya

Abstract

Abstrak: Sekolah vernakular yang ditubuhkan sebelum kemerdekaan negara sehingga kini masih dijadikan kontroversi terutamanya dalam perdebatan di media sosial dan kalangan ahli politik. Selain sekolah jenis kebangsaan, kini terdapat sekolah swasta, sekolah antarabangsa dan sekolah agama yang mempunyai falsafah dan latar belakang penubuhan yang berbeza dengan sekolah kebangsaan. Keadaan ini menimbulkan keraguan terhadap matlamat pembinaan identiti nasional seperti ternyata dalam matlamat pendidikan kebangsaan. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menilai aspirasi masyarakat terhadap sekolah agama dan sekolah jenis kebangsaan. Pemilihan responden adalah secara bersasar melibatkan 322 ibu bapa berbangsa Melayu. Analisis data menunjukkan kalangan masyarakat Melayu menerima baik kewujudan kepelbagaian sekolah tetapi berharap sekolah agama perlu lebih kehadapan. Penerimaan tertinggi adalah terhadap peranan penting sekolah kebangsaan untuk menyediakan asas dan memperkukuh nilai budaya bangsa serta pengalaman silang budaya dalam kalangan para pelajar, manakala sekolah agama adalah untuk membantu pelajar menguasai ilmu agama. Pemilihan jenis sekolah lebih dipengaruhi oleh kehendak ibu bapa berbanding individu disekeliling dan ibu bapa bersedia memikul tanggungjawab serta mempunyai kemampuan kewangan untuk berbuat demikian. Kajian ini memberi implikasi peningkatan stratifikasi antara kaum di sekolah-sekolah. Pembuat dasar dan agensi pendidikan di peringkat negeri dan kebangsaan dituntut untuk melaksanakan program rentas batasan kaum antara sekolah-sekolah. Kajian lanjutan untuk mengkaji potensi permuafakatan melibatkan agensi-agensi awam, swasta, berkepentingan kerajaan dan bukan kerajaan dengan pihak sekolah adalah disaran agar program yang dilaksabakan dapat meningkatkan persekitaran yang lebih terbuka antara sekolah-sekolah dan masyarakat secara umumnya.

Abstract: The controversial debate on vernacular school still exists especially on social media and among politicians. In addition to national type schools, there are now private schools, international schools and religious schools that have different philosophy and establishment background from national schools. This situation casts doubt on the goal towards building national identity as stated in national education policy. The objective of this study is to assess the aspirations of the community towards religious stream schools and national-type schools. The respondents consist of 322 from the Malay community. Analysis of the data shows that the Malay community accepts the diversity of schools but hopes that religious schools need to be more forthcoming. The highest acceptance is on the important role of the national school to provide the foundation and strengthen the cultural values of the nation as well as the cross-cultural experience among the students, while the religious school is to help students master religious knowledge. Parents exert greater influence over the process of school selection due to their willingness to assume responsibility and their financial means. This study has implications for increased racial stratification in schools and the role of policy makers and education agencies at the state and national levels to implement racial cross-border programs between schools. The researchers recommend that further studies be carried out to enhance cooperation between public, private and non-governmental agencies with schools to create a more open environment between schools and the broader community.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, N. A. T., & Liu, O. P. (2018). Latar Belakang Sejarah Sistem Pendidikan dan Masyarakat Majoriti Minoriti di Malaysia. International Colloqium on Integration Platform Binding Differences and Diversity, 74–100.

Amin, M. H., & Jasmi, K. A. (2012). Sekolah Agama di Malaysia: Sejarah, Isu & Cabaran. Penerbit UTM Press. ISBN: 978-983-52-0791-4, February. http://www.booksonline.my/index.jsp?pageid=publicBook&type=BOOK&b_id=2176

Bakar, R. A., Akhir, N. E. F. M., Rosli, N. A., & Rani, N. (2018). Factors Influencing Pupils’ Decision to Choose Islamic Religious Secondary Schools (SMA): A Study among Standard Six Pupils. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 9(1), 76–80.

Barbera, J., Naibert, N., Komperda, R., & Pentecost, T. C. (2021). Clarity on Cronbach’s Alpha Use. Journal of Chemical Education, 98(2), 257–258. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00183

Center for Public Policy Studies. (2016). Vernacular Education in Malaysia. Center for Public Policy Studies, 1–6. http://cpps.org.my/

Chear, S. L. S., Darkasi, S., Darini, F., Jaswir, I. S., & Hamid, N. I. A. (2020). Pengurusan Pusat Jagaan Kanak-Kanak Berkediaman (Persendirian / NGO) di Negeri Selangor. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(8), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i8.457

Chi Lick, P., Mahzan Awang, M., Razaq Ahmad, A., & Ahmad, A. (2019). Multiculturalism of Education System in Shaping National Identity of Malaysia’s Students. 2, 243–246. https://doi.org/10.32698/gcs.01105

Chin, H. B., Feng, N. Y., & Yan, C. J. (2021). Investigating the Attributes of Chinese Primary School Adoption among the Malay Community in Malaysia. ESTEEM Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(2), 151–164.

Deviyati, A. (2016). The Potential of Independent Religious Schools : A Case Study of Al-Amin. Institute for Democracy and Economic Affairs (IDEAS), 4.

Gliem, J. A., & Gliem, R. R. (2003). Calculating, Interpreting, and Reporting Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Coefficient for Likert-Type Scales. Midwest Research to Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.

Guan, L. H. (2016). Malaysia’s Gallant School System in Need of an Overhaul. PERSPECTIVE ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute, 60, 1–8.

Hassan, M. I. A. (2021). Education in Malaysia before independence and its implications for the unification of Malaysian society. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(7), 3381–3386. https://turcomat.org/index.php/turkbilmat/article/view/4538

Husin, N. A. N., & Dawi, A. H. (2019). Peranan Sekolah Dalam Pembentukan Perpaduan Antara kaum Dalam Kalangan Pelajar. Jurnal Pendidikan Bitara Upsi, 12, 18–28.

Hussein, H. H., & Abdullah, M. S. (2018). Keberkesanan Rancangan Integrasi Murid Untuk Perpaduan (RiMUP) Dalam Memupuk Kesepaduan Sosial. MANU Jurnal Pusat Penataran Ilmu Dan Bahasa (PPIB), Disember, 33–50. https://doi.org/10.51200/manu.v0i0.1581

Hyland, N., Cartledge, T., Schaub, S., Bell, J. de, & Abdelsattar, O. (2016). Why parents choose: An ethnographic study into the factors affecting school choice in peninsular Malaysia. Monash University. https://www.monash.edu.my/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/2236515/An-Ethnographic-Study-Into-The-Factors-Affecting-School-Choice-in-Peninsular-Malaysia.pdf. 1–19.

Ismail, K. (2018). Ethnic boundaries and everyday understanding: The case of Malay and Chinese parental choice of National and National Type School in Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 14(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2018-1404-01

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2023). Perangkaan Pendidikan Malaysia 2022. In Bahagian Perancangan dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.

Krishnapillai, G., See Ying, K., Cheong Li Xin, P., Ka Kit, C., Ying Zhen, L., & Zhun Yeau, L. (2016). Secondary School Choice-What Do Parents Concern? International Business Education Journal, 9(1), 66–77.

Lee, P.-Y. D., Ting, S.-H., & Lo, M.-C. (2017). Influencing Chinese Parents ’ Choice of Primary. Kajian Malaysia, 35(1), 41–67.

Ling, T. M., & August, A. L. (2021). The Understanding of School Culture: A Comparative Study of Eight Vernacular Schools in Malaysia. Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities, 07(11), 1967–1977. http://jassh.info/jassh/index.php/jassh/article/download/662/700

Misbahrudin, N. T., Noor, A. H. M., & Rittiruam, C. (2021). A Review of Religious Education in Malaysia and Thailand. Advances in Business Research International Journal, 7(2), 138. https://doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14452

Naidu, S. N. M. N., & Rajanthiran, S. (2021). Education in Malaysia: Educating for Inclusive-Holistic Growth, Political Needs…?—The Transformation of Vernacular and Particularised Education towards Integration into “Malaysian Education.” Open Journal of Social Sciences, 09(03), 471–490. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2021.93031

Nor, M. R. M., & Othman, W. M. T. W. (2011). Sejarah dan Perkembangan Pendidikan Islam di Malaysia. At-Ta’dib, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.21111/at-tadib.v6i1.547

Osman, M. M., Bachok, S., & Thani, S. N. ‘Alia A. (2015). An Assessment of Physical Development in Religious Educational in Malaysia: Case Study of SAR and SABK in Perak. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 28(SustaiN 2014), 427–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.052

Rahman, Z. S. A. (2021). Unity in Malaysia through Religion and Culture. International Journal of Innovative Research and Publications, 1, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.51430/ijirp.2021.12.001

Raman, S. R., & Tan, Y. S. (2015). The development of Chinese education in Malaysia: Problems and challenges. The ISEAS Working Paper, 2(2), 1–28. https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/WP2015-02.pdf

Selvadurai, S., Liu, O. P., Radzi, M. M., Hoon, O. P., & Tee, O. P. (2015). Debating education for nation building in Malaysia: National school persistence or vernacular school resistance? Geografia : Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 11(13), 14–23.

Shanmugavelu, G., Ariffin, K., Thambu, N., & Mahayudin, Z. (2020). Development of British Colonial Education in Malaya, 1816 - 1957. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 8(2), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v8i2.2072

Siah, P. C., Ong, S. B. C., Tan, S. M., & Sim, C. P. (2015). Perception on Chinese values: A comparison of Chinese secondary students studying at national secondary schools and Chinese independent schools in Malaysia. Social Science Journal, 52(1), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2014.08.006

Sivalingam, A. D. (2021). History of Malaysian Education System: Year 1824 to 2020. Social Sciences Education EJournal, 4(7), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3735372

Umar, A., & Hussin, S. (2010). Model Pengurusan Sekolah Agama Rakyat dan Negeri di Malaysia: Satu Penstrukturan Semula. Seminar Pengurusan Hal Ehwal Islam Anjuran Jabatan Dakwah Da Kepimpinan, Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, September.

Ursachi, G., Horodnic, I. A., & Zait, A. (2015). How reliable are measurement scales? External factors with indirect influence on reliability estimators. Procedia Economics and Finance, 20(15), 679–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00123-9

Wadkar, S. K., Singh, K., Chakravarty, R., & Argade, S. D. (2016). Assessing the reliability of attitude scale by Cronbach’s Alpha. Journal of Global Communication, 9(2), 113. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-2442.2016.00019.7

Wan, C. Da, Sirat, M., & Abdul Razak, D. (2018). Education in Malaysia Towards a Developed Nation. ISEAS Yu, 2018(4), 1–20.

Wen, O. S., & Chibundu, I. S. (2018). Debating vernacular school system in Malaysia: A comparative analysis of multi-lingual local newspapers. SEARCH Journal of Media and Communication Research, 10(2), 87–114.

Xia, N., Yang, Y., & Lee, Y. F. (2018). Chinese Education in Malaysia under Malaysian Ethnic Politics. Journal of Politics and Law, 11(2), 23. https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v11n2p23

Yaacob, N. H., Kassim, F., & Maslan@Baharudin, A. (2020). The Development Of Chınese Educatıon In Federated Malay States Before The Second World War. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(8), 3980–3992.