Makanan Haram bagi Agama Yahudi berdasarkan Kitab Torah
Forbidden Food for Jews according to Torah Scripture
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol8no1.493Keywords:
Yahudi, Torah, Kashrut, Kosher, Therif.Abstract
Abstrak: Agama Yahudi merupakan salah satu daripada agama tertua dunia yang berasal dari lembah Kanaan, iaitu suatu kawasan yang terletak di negara Palestin sekarang. Kewujudannya iaitu sekitar tahun 1500 SM adalah lebih awal berbanding kelahiran agama Kristian dan juga agama Islam. Menurut pengikut Yahudi, agama ini dikatakan bermula apabila nabi mereka iaitu Moses menerima kitab Torah di gunung Sinai lebih kurang 3500 tahun dahulu. Orang Yahudi percaya bahawa kitab Torah yang kini dalam pegangan mereka adalah kitab suci yang sama yang telah diturunkan kepada Moses tanpa mengalami apa-apa perubahan. Dalam kitab Torah ini, terdapat undang-undang peraturan pemakanan agama Yahudi yang dikenali sebagai Kashrut. Undang-undang Kashrut antara lain mengandungi perintah makanan yang boleh dimakan golongan Yahudi iaitu digelar Kosher dan makanan yang dilarang makan bagi mereka iaitu dipanggil Therif. Orang Yahudi percaya Kosher dikuatkuasakan kepada mereka oleh Tuhan tanpa perlunya sebarang penerangan atau justifikasi atas sebab pengharaman makanan-makanan tersebut. Artikel ini akan cuba mengupas senarai makanan haram atau Therif bagi agama Yahudi seperti yang telah ditetapkan dalam kitab Torah mereka. Kajian dilaksanakan secara kualitatif melalui kaedah analisis kandungan kitab Torah serta pengaplikasian metod deduktif dan induktif. Hasil kajian mendapati pengharaman makanan dalam agama Yahudi melibatkan tiga isu teras utama iaitu (1) haiwan yang diharamkan, (2) pengharaman darah dan (3) pengharaman campuran daging dan susu, serta dua isu tambahan iaitu larangan makan pohon/buah tertentu dan status arak bukan buatan Yahudi.
Abstract: The religion of Jews is one of the oldest known religions in the world originating from the valley of Canaan in modern day Palestine. It’s formation year of 1500 BC pre-dates the existence of Christianity and Islam. According to Jews, this religion was founded when their prophet Moses received the Torah scripture directly from God atop of Sinai Mountain around 3500 years ago. Jews believe that this original Torah remains unchanged and uncorrupted till this day. In this holy Torah, there are rules regarding Jews’ food consumption known as Kashrut. From the Kashrut decree, jews are allowed to eat certain food and this permitted food are called Kosher, whereas the segment of forbidden food is called Therif and Jews are prohibited from consuming these types of food. Jews believe that Kosher rule was imposed upon them by God without any need of justification or explanation, and they have to abide by this rule as a sign of obedience. This article will explain the list of Therif or forbidden food for Jews according to their scripture Torah. Qualitative method was employed for this study, focussing on the content analysis of the Torah using deductive and inductive reasoning method. Findings showed that forbidden food for Jews revolve around three main criteria which are (1) forbidden animal (2) forbiddance of blood and (3) forbidden mixture of meat and milk, as well as two accompanying Therif cases concerning certain forbidden tree/fruit and non-Jewish wine status.
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