Journal title Jurnal Sains Insani Initials JSI eISSN 0127-7871 Frequency June and December DOI Prefix 10.33102/sainsinsani- Crossref linked Editor-in-chief Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Azmir Mohd Nizah , Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Malaysia Managing Editor Dr. Nur Jannah Bukhari , Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Malaysia Assoc. Prof. Dr. Anita Ismail , Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Malaysia Dr. Adibah Sulaiman@Mohamad ,Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Malaysia Publisher USIM Press Citation Analysis Scopus | Google Scholar Peer Review Double Blind Review Sains Insani (SI) is a peer-reviewed multi-disciplinary journal published twice (2) a year, in the month of June dan December by USIM Press (Penerbit USIM) and managed by the Centre for Core Studies, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. It is an open-access online scientific journal. The main objective of the publication is to construct an avenue to fellow academicians and researchers to share research findings, new ideas and expertise that contribute to human development from the theory, practical and empirical point of view. The journal devoted to the publication of original and non-original paper (short/ brief communication, notes, letters and opinions) which serves as a platform to address issues pertaining to the field of history and civilizations, philosophy and thoughts, politics, education and sociology.
Centre for Core Studies, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
1. Author holds the copyright of the article. 2. Jurnal Sains Insani owns the rights to publish the article. The writer may request permission to republish the article from the editor. 3. Jurnal Sains Insani follows the APA (American Psychological Association) style for all in-text citation and list of bibliographies.
Beyond Grades - Predicting Programme Learning Outcomes with Multi-Output Regression in Malaysian Higher Education
Grades often conceal specific competencies, while Malaysia's Outcome-Based Education (OBE) requires evidence at the Programme Learning Outcome (PLO) level. We develop a PLO-centric predictive framework that forecasts students' 12 end-of-programme PLO scores. Using anonymised records for 194 engineering students, we constructed a semester-indexed feature set (167 predictors) and jointly modelled all 12 PLOs via multi-output regression. Eleven algorithms (CatBoost, Extra Trees, LightGBM, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, Random Forest, SVR, k-NN, Bayesian Ridge, AdaBoost, HistGradientBoosting) were evaluated under 70/30, 80/20, 90/10 hold-out regimes with 10-fold CV on training folds. We benchmarked macro Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Coefficient of determination (R²), and tested stacking and convex blending. Across splits, Bayesian Ridge was the most reliable single model by MAE (with CatBoost occasionally leading in R²), and a simple convex blend (Bayesian Ridge + CatBoost ± Extra Trees/Gradient Boosting) delivered ~5-13% lower MAE than the best single learner, whereas stacking did not add consistent gains. Model interpretability (model-native importances, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)) shows a noticeable later-year (third year and beyond) pattern, Semester 2 signal with recurrent contributions from PLO2 and PLO7, alongside a meaningful early-year indicator (e.g., PLO2_Semester_2_Year_1). The framework enables earlier, PLO-level feedback aligned with accreditation, supporting targeted intervention and curriculum improvement can be extended with broader cohorts, richer behavioural/demographic features, fairness audits, and cross-institutional generalisation. Abstrak: Gred sering menyembunyikan kecekapan khusus, manakala Pendidikan Berasaskan Hasil (Outcome-Based Education, OBE) di Malaysia memerlukan bukti pada aras Hasil Pembelajaran Program (Program Learning Outcome, PLO). Kami membangunkan rangka kerja ramalan berpusatkan PLO yang meramalkan 12 skor PLO akhir program pelajar. Menggunakan rekod yang telah dianonimkan bagi 194 pelajar kejuruteraan, kami membina set ciri berindeks semester (167 peramal) dan memodelkan kesemua 12 PLO secara bersama melalui regresi pelbagai hasil. Sebelas algoritma (CatBoost, Extra Trees, LightGBM, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, Random Forest, SVR, k-Jiran Terdekat (k-NN), Bayesian Ridge, AdaBoost, HistGradientBoosting) dinilai di bawah tiga pembahagian latih-ujian jenis hold-out (70/30, 80/20, 90/10) dengan pengesahan silang 10 lipatan pada set latihan. Kami membanding aras ralat menggunakan ralat mutlak min berpurata makro (MAE), ralat punca min kuasa dua (RMSE) dan pekali penentuan (R²), serta menguji dua strategi ensambel (penindanan dan pengadunan cembung). Merentas semua pecahan, Bayesian Ridge ialah model tunggal paling boleh diharap dari segi MAE (dengan CatBoost kadang-kadang mendahului dari segi R²), dan pengadunan cembung ringkas (Bayesian Ridge + CatBoost ± Extra Trees/Gradient Boosting) memberikan pengurangan MAE sekitar ~5-13% berbanding model tunggal terbaik, manakala penindanan tidak menambah peningkatan yang konsisten. Kebolehtafsiran model (kepentingan asli model dan SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)) menunjukkan corak yang jelas pada tahun-tahun akhir (tahun ketiga dan ke atas), isyarat Semester 2 dengan sumbangan berulang daripada PLO2 dan PLO7, di samping penunjuk awal tahun yang bermakna (cth., PLO2_Semester_2_Tahun_1). Rangka kerja ini membolehkan maklum balas lebih awal pada aras PLO yang sejajar dengan keperluan akreditasi, menyokong intervensi tersasar dan penambahbaikan kurikulum. Pada masa hadapan, ia boleh diperluas dengan kohort yang lebih besar, ciri tingkah laku/demografi yang lebih kaya, audit keadilan, serta penggeneralisasian rentas institusi.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Noorazizi Abd Ghani, Ir Dr Istas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Addressing the Shortage : A Look into the Motivations of Japanese Language Teachers in Malaysia
Malaysia’s Look East Policy (LEP), launched in 1982, significantly influenced the development of Japanese language education. However, recent trends show a decline in the number of Japanese language teachers, raising concerns about the sustainability of the field. This study explores the motivations of Japanese language educators in Malaysia using the Factors Influencing Teaching Choice (FIT-Choice) scale. Survey data from 70 teachers reveal that intrinsic career value, the desire to work with youth, and the aspiration to make a social contribution are the most influential motivators. In contrast, teaching as a fallback career and job transferability were rated lowest. Despite challenges, most respondents expressed satisfaction with their career choice. The findings suggest that the shortage of Japanese language teachers is not due to a lack of interest, but rather systemic barriers. These include limited certification pathways, unpredictable teacher training program intakes, and stringent hiring criteria in tertiary institutions. Additionally, while teachers perceive their work as requiring high expertise and emotional investment, they feel inadequately compensated, especially when compared to private sector roles requiring Japanese language proficiency. This study highlights the need for structural reforms in teacher training and recruitment policies to ensure the sustainability of Japanese language education in Malaysia. By addressing institutional constraints and improving career pathways, stakeholders can better support motivated individuals in pursuing and remaining in the teaching profession.
Copyright (c) 2025 Azalia Zaharuddin, Zoraida Mustafa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Konsepsualisasi Perancangan dan Pembinaan Instrumen Penilaian Dalam Era Kecerdasan Buatan
Abstrak: Kemajuan teknologi kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam bidang pendidikan telah membawa perubahan ketara terhadap pendekatan penilaian, yang menuntut pembangunan instrumen lebih autentik, sahih dan selaras dengan prinsip kemajuan kecerdasan buatan. Dalam konteks ini, perancangan pembangunan instrumen sistematik menjadi teras penting bagi memastikan keupayaan menilai kompetensi pelajar dalam ekosistem pembelajaran berasaskan AI dapat dijalankan secara berkesan dan bertanggungjawab. Kertas konsep ini membincangkan cadangan perancangan dan pembinaan instrumen penilaian dalam era kecerdasan buatan. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam pembangunan instrumen menggunakan pendekatan seperti model ADDIE, serta pendekatan penilaian psikometrik seperti analisis faktor eksploratori (EFA), analisis faktor sahkan (CFA), Alpha Cronbach dan Composite Reliability untuk menguji kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan. Perhatian turut diberikan kepada panduan konseptual dan praktikal kepada penyelidik, pendidik dan pembuat dasar dalam mereka bentuk penilaian yang dapat mengukur literasi AI, kejujuran akademik dan etika teknologi secara efektif. Implikasinya, instrumen yang dibina bukan sahaja bertindak sebagai alat pengukuran, tetapi turut menjadi intervensi nilai dalam pendidikan digital. Instrumen ini boleh menyokong pelaksanaan kurikulum literasi AI dan membantu menilai keberkesanan program pembelajaran berasaskan teknologi. Kajian lanjutan disarankan agar melibatkan ujian terhadap populasi pelbagai, kajian longitudinal untuk menelusuri perubahan sikap pelajar terhadap AI, serta penggunaan pendekatan kualitatif seperti temu bual atau refleksi pelajar untuk memperkukuh pemahaman terhadap dinamika nilai dan keputusan etika pelajar. Perbincangan ini boleh memberi sumbangan bermakna dalam membina sistem penilaian yang relevan, sahih dan beretika dalam era kecerdasan buatan. Abstract: The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in education has brought significant changes to assessment approaches, requiring the development of more authentic, valid, and AI-aligned instruments. In this context, systematic planning for instrument development serves as an essential foundation to ensure the effective and responsible evaluation of students’ competencies within AI-based learning ecosystems. This conceptual paper discusses the proposed planning and development of assessment instruments in the era of artificial intelligence. The methodology applied in the instrument development employs approaches such as the ADDIE model and psychometric evaluation techniques, including Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Cronbach’s Alpha, and Composite Reliability to examine validity and reliability. Attention is also given to providing conceptual and practical guidance for researchers, educators, and policymakers in designing assessments that can effectively measure AI literacy, academic honesty, and technological ethics. The implications suggest that the developed instrument not only functions as a measurement tool but also serves as a value-based intervention in digital education. This instrument can support the implementation of AI literacy curricula and assist in evaluating the effectiveness of technology-enhanced learning programs. Future studies are recommended to include diverse populations, conduct longitudinal research to trace changes in students’ attitudes toward AI, and apply qualitative approaches such as interviews or student reflections to strengthen understanding of students’ ethical reasoning and value dynamics. This discussion is expected to make a meaningful contribution toward developing a relevant, valid, and ethical assessment system in the era of artificial intelligence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rosidah Md Desa, MOHD EFFENDI EWAN MOHD MATORE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Kerangka Konseptual Pengintegrasian Kecerdasan Buatan Generatif (GenAI) dalam Pentaksiran Bahasa Melayu di Sekolah Rendah
Abstrak: Transformasi pendidikan digital telah memperkenalkan pelbagai teknologi baharu dalam amalan pengajaran dan pentaksiran, termasuklah Kecerdasan Buatan Generatif (GenAI). GenAI merujuk kepada teknologi yang mampu menjana kandungan baharu secara automatik dan berpotensi meningkatkan kecekapan serta keberkesanan pentaksiran. Walau bagaimanapun, pelaksanaannya dalam konteks pentaksiran Bahasa Melayu masih terbatas. Justeru, kertas konsep ini menumpukan kepada penilaian keperluan pengintegrasian GenAI dalam pentaksiran Bahasa Melayu di sekolah rendah. Penilaian keperluan merupakan proses sistematik bagi mengenal pasti jurang antara keadaan semasa dengan keadaan ideal, serta menentukan langkah strategik bagi memenuhi keperluan pendidikan. Metodologi kertas konsep ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis dokumen dan sorotan literatur sistematik bagi mengenal pasti keperluan, cabaran dan strategi pengintegrasian GenAI dalam pentaksiran Bahasa Melayu. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan GenAI mampu membantu guru dalam pemarkahan, penjanaan soalan adaptif dan pemberian maklum balas formatif. Namun begitu, cabaran seperti literasi digital yang rendah, kekurangan data berkualiti dalam Bahasa Melayu, dan jurang kemudahan antara sekolah bandar dan luar bandar perlu diatasi secara strategik. Kertas konsep ini turut mencadangkan amalan terbaik seperti model pentaksiran hibrid, latihan profesional yang menyeluruh, serta pembangunan dasar penggunaan GenAI secara beretika dan terkawal. Kesimpulannya, penilaian keperluan ini menjadi asas penting dalam membina kerangka pelaksanaan GenAI yang berkesan dan mampan dalam pentaksiran Bahasa Melayu, sejajar dengan tuntutan Revolusi Industri 4.0 dan 5.0. Sehubungan dengan itu, cadangan untuk kajian lanjutan yang boleh diketengahkan adalah kajian berbentuk eksperimen bagi menilai keberkesanan penggunaan GenAI dalam pentaksiran Bahasa Melayu dari segi aspek peningkatan pencapaian pelajar, kualiti maklum balas dan kefahaman kandungan. Abstract: The digital transformation in education has introduced various new technologies in teaching and assessment practices, including Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI). GenAI refers to technology capable of automatically generating new content and has the potential to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of assessment. However, its implementation in the context of Malay language assessment remains limited. Therefore, this concept paper focuses on a needs assessment for the integration of GenAI in Malay language assessment at the primary school level. A needs assessment is a systematic process to identify the gap between current conditions and the ideal state, as well as to determine strategic steps to address educational requirements. The methodology of this concept paper employs a document analysis and systematic literature review approach to identify the needs, challenges, and strategies for integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) into Malay Language assessment. Findings indicate that the use of GenAI can support teachers in scoring, generating adaptive questions, and providing formative feedback. Nevertheless, challenges such as low digital literacy, a lack of high-quality Malay language data, and infrastructure disparities between urban and rural schools need to be addressed strategically. This concept paper also proposes best practices such as adopting a hybrid assessment model, comprehensive professional training, and the development of ethical and regulated policies for GenAI use. In conclusion, this needs assessment serves as an essential foundation for building an effective and sustainable framework for the implementation of GenAI in Malay language assessment, aligned with the demands of the Fourth and Fifth Industrial Revolutions. Accordingly, further experimental studies are recommended to evaluate the effectiveness of GenAI in Malay language assessment in terms of student achievement, feedback quality, and content comprehension.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Haryanti binti Osaman, Mohd Effendi Ewan Mohd Matore (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Integration of Naqli Principles in the Design and Conservation of Heritage Buildings in Negeri Sembilan
Heritage buildings in Malaysia represent a confluence of cultural, religious, and architectural histories. However, the integration of Naqli principles—derived from Islamic teachings—into the preservation and modernization of these structures remains underexplored. This paper addresses the research gap by examining how Naqli concepts such as Rububiyyah (man to God), Ubudiyyah (man to man), and Mulkiyyah (man to environment) are applied across five selected heritage buildings in Negeri Sembilan. The research objectives are to identify the extent to which these principles influence the design and conservation strategies of these buildings, to analyze their effectiveness in maintaining the cultural, religious, and ethical integrity of these structures, and to propose a framework for the systematic application of Naqli principles in modern architectural practices, particularly in the preservation and adaptive reuse of heritage buildings. A qualitative methodology was employed, involving site visits, architectural analysis, expert interviews, and document analysis to gather comprehensive data on the implementation of Naqli principles. The findings indicate a significant but inconsistent application of these principles, highlighting areas where modern interventions could better align with Islamic teachings. The study concludes with recommendations for incorporating Naqli principles in contemporary architectural practice, emphasizing their potential impact on cultural sustainability and community well-being. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of Islamic values in heritage preservation, offering a model that can be adapted to similar contexts globally.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nor Syahila Ab Rashid, Madihah Mat Idris, Azhani Abd Manaf (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Penglibatan Orang Arab Hadhrami Keturunan Sayyid dalam Urusan Jemaah Haji dari Tanah Melayu Pada Abad ke-19 dan Abad ke-20
Di Malaysia, masyarakat Arab berketurunan sayyid lazimnya dikaitkan dengan kegiatan dakwah dan penyebaran ajaran Islam. Penguasaan mereka terhadap ilmu-ilmu Islam telah menjadikan mereka tokoh yang berpengaruh dan dihormati dalam pelbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat Melayu. Namun begitu, sumbangan mereka tidak terhad kepada penyebaran agama, pendidikan Islam dan mengeluarkan fatwa semata-mata, malah mereka turut memainkan peranan penting dalam pengurusan ibadah haji. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka peranan penting yang dimainkan oleh komuniti Arab keturunan sayyid dalam menguruskan hal ehwal jemaah haji dari Semenanjung Tanah Melayu. Secara khusus, kajian ini menyoroti sumbangan masyarakat Arab Hadhrami, terutamanya yang berketurunan sayyid sebagai pemudah cara dalam menguruskan urusan jemaah haji dari Tanah Melayu. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan kualitatif. Kajian kepustakaan dijalankan bagi menganalisis secara deskriptif data yang diperoleh daripada sumber primer dan sumber sekunder. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa orang Arab Hadhrami keturunan sayyid mempunyai pengaruh besar dan berperanan penting dalam pengurusan Jemaah haji dari Tanah Melayu pada abad ke-19 dan abad ke-20. Mereka berperanan sebagai ejen haji, syeikh al-hajj, broker, serta pembimbing haji (mutawwif) di Tanah Suci. Malah terdapat dalam kalangan komuniti sayyid, yang terlibat dalam industri perkapalan; menyediakan perkhidmatan pengangkutan dan penginapan bagi jemaah haji yang dalam perjalanan ke Makkah. Ini menunjukkaun bahawa orang Arab keturunan sayyid bukan sahaja aktif menyumbang kepada penyebaran ajaran Islam di rantau ini, malah mereka turut berperanan sebagai perantara transnasional antara wilayah Hijaz dan Alam Melayu.
Copyright (c) 2025 Latifah Abdul Latiff, Dini Farhana Baharudin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Xenotransplantation: Animal Organs Transplanted into Humans from The Perspectives of Islamic Jurisprudence and Legal Opinions
Organ transfer and donation in the Islamic context have been discussed among scholars since the 1950s. The Quran and al-Sunnah, which serve as the primary sources of law, do not address this subject specifically because organ transplantation is a medical advancement that only came about in the 20th century. As a result, the opinions issued by Islamic scholars on organ transplantation are based on contemporary fiqh approaches that tackle new issues for which there is no previous scholarly opinion. The fatwa of organ transfer from human to human is unambiguous. However, the issue of transferring animal organs or tissues, particularly from animals considered unclean and haram by syarak, to human bodies requires careful study and discussion. This paper examines the concept of transplanting animal organs into humans from the perspectives of usul fiqh, fatwa, ethics, and spirituality as outlined in Islam. The methodology employed in this study involves a qualitative approach, incorporating both primary and secondary data analysis. Data findings are systematically analyzed using content analysis techniques. The study's findings demonstrate that the ruling on organ transplantation and donation is necessary because it fulfills the requirement of preserving human life, which is one of the maqasid al-shari'ah. Organ transfer is performed for treatment and is the last resort to save the life of a patient who is experiencing end-stage organ failure. The decision concerning organ transfer is based on the fact that it is executed in urgent circumstances and is the last available option to save the patient's life. Abstrak: Pemindahan dan pendermaan organ dalam konteks Islam telah dibincangkan oleh para sarjana sejak tahun 1950-an. Al-Quran dan al-Sunnah, yang menjadi sumber utama hukum, tidak membicarakan isu ini secara khusus kerana pemindahan organ merupakan satu perkembangan perubatan yang hanya muncul pada abad ke-20. Justeru, pandangan yang dikemukakan oleh sarjana Islam mengenai pemindahan organ adalah berasaskan pendekatan jurisprudence kontemporari yang menangani isu-isu baharu yang tidak mempunyai pandangan ulama terdahulu. Fatwa mengenai pemindahan organ antara manusia kepada manusia adalah jelas. Namun begitu, isu pemindahan organ atau tisu haiwan, khususnya daripada haiwan yang dianggap najis dan haram oleh syarak, ke dalam tubuh manusia memerlukan penelitian dan perbincangan yang mendalam. Kertas kerja ini meneliti konsep pemindahan organ haiwan ke dalam tubuh manusia dari perspektif usul jurisprudence dan fatwa sebagaimana digariskan dalam Islam. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini melibatkan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan menggabungkan analisis data primer serta sekunder. Dapatan kajian dianalisis secara sistematik menggunakan teknik analisis kandungan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa hukum pemindahan dan pendermaan organ adalah perlu kerana ia memenuhi tuntutan memelihara nyawa manusia, yang merupakan salah satu daripada maqasid al-shari’ah. Pemindahan organ dilakukan untuk tujuan rawatan dan merupakan pilihan terakhir bagi menyelamatkan nyawa pesakit yang mengalami kegagalan organ pada peringkat akhir. Keputusan berhubung pemindahan organ adalah berdasarkan hakikat bahawa ia dilaksanakan dalam keadaan darurat dan merupakan pilihan terakhir yang ada untuk menyelamatkan nyawa pesakit.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Azizan Sabjan, Noor Shakirah Mat Akhir, Roshimah Shamsudin, Muhammad Ikhlas Rosele, Farah Salwani Muda@Ismail, Halipah Hamzah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sufi Chanting and Altered State of Consciousness: A Preliminary Review
This preliminary study explores the role of Sufi chanting in inducing Altered States of Consciousness (ASC) that is known as Fana in Sufism. Sufi chanting such as Zikr is a prevalent spiritual practice in Islamic mystical tradition, well-known for its profound impact on mental health and spiritual growth. This preliminary study investigates the mechanisms of these chanting practices through their rhythmic and melodic elements and comparing their effectiveness in inducing ASC and promoting psychological well-being. The problem addressed in this study is the lack of comprehensive understanding of how specific elements of Sufi Chanting contribute to Fana or ASC and consequently lead to psychological well-being. This preliminary study employs content analysis method which includes past literatures and communication artefacts such as texts, pictures, audio and video related to Sufi Chanting and ASC. The initial findings reveal that Sufi chanting significantly enhances emotional regulation, reduce stress, and induce states of deep meditation and spiritual connection. The findings suggest that incorporating traditional spiritual practices like Sufi chanting into contemporary therapeutic models can improve mental health intervention. These practices offer a culturally sensitive approach to well-being, providing holistic benefits that integrate spiritual and psychological health.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arfah Ab Majid, Jia Lie (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analisis Ayat-Ayat Kebersihan Dalam Al-Quran: Satu Kajian Peranannya Dalam Aspek Keselamatan Makanan
Keselamatan makanan sangat penting untuk diberikan perhatian dan penekanan memandangkan kesannya sangat besar kepada tubuh badan. Selain itu, ia juga memberi kesan kepada kesihatan spiritual. Aspek utama dalam keselamatan makanan adalah berkaitan kebersihan. Justeru itu, objektif utama kajian ini ialah untuk menganalisis ayat-ayat al-Quran yang berkaitan ṭahārah dan melihat kepentingan ayat-ayat ini dalam aspek keselamatan makanan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan menjadikan kajian perpustakaan sebagai yang utama. Manakala analisis dilakukan berdasarkan ayat-ayat yang menyebut kalimah ṭahāra. Setelah itu, analisis akan dibuat dengan melihat ayat-ayat tersebut dengan kepentingan dalam aspek keselamatan makanan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat 23 ayat yang menyebut berkaitan tahara di pelbagai surah. Daripada 23 ayat ini terdapat ayat yang dapat dikaitkan dengan keselamatan makanan dari sudut pembuat makanan dan ayat yang dapat dikaitkan dengan keselamatan makanan dari sudut pembuatan makanan. Kajian ini sangat signifikan pada masa kini kerana apabila dikaitkan dengan keselamatan makanan, perlulah melihat dari aspek asas terlebih dahulu di mana asasnya Tuhan yang menciptakan manusia, yang Maha Mengetahui yang terbaik buat hambanya hakikatnya telah memberi panduan dalam hal yang penting sebegini.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Sarah Izham, Anis Hamizah Hamid, Hajar Opir, Amiratul Munirah Yahaya, Muhammad Arif Syukri Suhaini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Adakah Pasar Awam Basah Penting Kepada Pengguna Di Kawasan Bandar Lembah Klang? Analisis Faktor
Pasar awam basah dilihat masih utuh di tengah-tengah lambakan kewujudan pelbagai pasar moden terutama sekali di kawasan bandar. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti faktor yang mempengaruhi pengguna untuk terus membeli barangan di pasar awam basah. Pengumpulan maklumat dibuat menerusi agihan soal selidik kepada reponden dewasa yang menetap di kawasan Lembah Klang dan berpengalaman membeli barangan di pasar awam basah sekitar Lembah Klang. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis menggunakan analisis faktor. Didapati faktor sikap dan layanan peniaga, harga serta kesegaran lebih dominan mempengaruhi pengguna untuk pergi ke pasar awam basah. Rentetan itu, pasar awam basah perlu diperkukuhkan lagi agar ia kekal releven dan penting dalam membekalkan barangan yang dapat memenuhi keperluan dan kehendak pengguna.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adlin Nur Sofiya Ridzuan, Muhammad Izrin Mazlan, Norain Mod Asri, Azrina Abdullah AL-Hadi, Norshamliza Chamhuri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determinants of Cash Waqf Intention on Female Muslim at Brunei and Indonesia
This study's focus on investigating the determinants of cash waqf intention among female Muslims in Brunei and Indonesia for the purpose of comparing awareness about cash waqf between the two countries. By examining the factors influencing cash waqf intention in these two countries, the study not only shedding light on the attitudes and behaviours of female Muslims towards charitable giving but also providing insights into potential differences in awareness and participation levels between Brunei and Indonesia. Through purposive random sampling method, the study deploying 62 items of questionnaire to 106 Indonesian Muslim females and 105 Bruneian Muslim females. Integrating Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) determinants such as attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control with additional factors like literacy, religiosity, and trust enriches the analytical framework of this study. The multiple regression analysis allows this study to have a rigorous examination of the relationships between various factors and cash waqf intention among female Muslims in Brunei and Indonesia. The finding for both countries shows that religiosity and trust has no significant relationship with Muslim female intention to perform cash waqf. The findings shows that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control have significant relationship in investigating female Muslim intention to perform cash waqf in Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adib Susilo, Nurdianawati Irwani Abdullah, Nor Azizan Che Embi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Instrumen Pengukuran Kualiti Pengajaran Guru Berasaskan Six Sigma: Penentuan Kesahan Kandungan melalui Analisis Fuzzy Delphi
Instrumen Pengukuran Kualiti Pengajaran Guru berasaskan Six Sigma (T²Qi-6σ) dibangunkan sebagai mekanisme baharu untuk menilai keberkesanan pengajaran guru secara sistematik. Kajian ini bertujuan menilai kesahan kandungan instrumen dengan menggunakan Kaedah Fuzzy Delphi (FDM), di samping meneroka fungsi instrumen sebagai medium refleksi untuk tindakan (reflection for-action) dan prospek penggunaannya dalam meningkatkan kesedaran, pengetahuan, sikap serta praktis guru.Seramai 14 orang pakar dilibatkan melalui persampelan bertujuan, terdiri daripada sembilan pakar profesional dan lima pakar lapangan daripada universiti awam. Sebanyak 200 item dibina berdasarkan lima konstruk utama Six Sigma iaitu (i) mengenal pasti, (ii) mengukur, (iii) menganalisis, (iv) menambah baik, dan (v) mengawal, yang dinilai menggunakan skala Likert tujuh mata. Analisis FDM mendapati 125 item memenuhi nilai ambang (d ≤ 0.2) dan tahap persetujuan pakar ≥ 75%, manakala 75 item digugurkan. Dapatan kualitatif mengesahkan kesesuaian item yang diterima, serta menunjukkan bahawa instrumen ini dapat membantu guru membuat refleksi terhadap pengajaran mereka dan berfungsi sebagai kerangka yang menyokong pembangunan profesional. Selain itu, instrumen ini dinilai berpotensi memperkukuh kesedaran terhadap budaya kualiti, memperluas pengetahuan tentang metodologi penambahbaikan, membentuk sikap positif, dan mendorong praktis pedagogi yang lebih sistematik. Limitasi kajian ini ialah penilaian hanya tertumpu kepada aspek kesahan kandungan dengan bilangan pakar terhad. Oleh itu, kajian rintis seterusnya disaran menggunakan Model Rasch untuk menilai ciri psikometrik lain secara lebih komprehensif. Secara keseluruhannya, instrumen T²Qi-6σ dilihat berupaya menyumbang kepada peningkatan profesionalisme guru serta menyokong pencapaian SDG 3 (Kesihatan dan Kesejahteraan) dan SDG 4 (Pendidikan Berkualiti).
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Fikri Azizan, Associate Professor Ts. Dr Effendi, Siti Mistima Maat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Transformation of Customer Satisfaction Assessment through AI Integration in Enhancing Service Quality
Abstract: The digital transformation driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution has shifted customer satisfaction assessment from manual methods to intelligent, technology-based approaches, particularly those employing Artificial Intelligence (AI). This concept paper discusses the role of AI in transforming customer satisfaction evaluation through applications such as Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine Learning (ML), sentiment analysis and generative AI models. AI enables organizations to analyze customer data in real time, identify behavioral patterns and needs, and deliver personalized experiences. The use of chatbots and virtual assistants enhances interaction efficiency, while AI-based Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems optimize feedback and service strategies. The paper also highlights AI’s impact on customer engagement, particularly in fostering proactive and empathetic relationships and improving loyalty. However, AI implementation faces ethical challenges, including data privacy, algorithmic bias and system transparency. Hence, the development of responsible and human-centered AI models is essential. Generative AI further strengthens service approaches through the integration of emerging technologies such as blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), and augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR). In conclusion, AI integration not only improves efficiency but also reshapes the service delivery paradigm toward greater responsiveness and customer orientation. Future studies are recommended to compare the effectiveness of AI-based and conventional satisfaction assessment methods and to develop hybrid AI-human models that combine technological analytics with human empathy for more effective service feedback. Abstrak: Transformasi digital yang dipacu oleh Revolusi Industri 4.0 telah mengubah penilaian kepuasan pelanggan daripada pendekatan manual kepada pendekatan pintar berasaskan teknologi, khususnya kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence, AI). Kertas konsep ini membincangkan peranan AI dalam mentransformasikan sistem penilaian kepuasan pelanggan melalui aplikasi seperti pemprosesan bahasa semula jadi (Natural Language Processing, NLP), pembelajaran mesin (Machine Learning, ML), analisis sentimen dan model AI generatif. AI membolehkan organisasi menganalisis data pelanggan secara masa nyata, mengenal pasti corak tingkah laku serta keperluan dan menawarkan pengalaman yang diperibadikan. Penggunaan chatbot dan pembantu maya meningkatkan kecekapan interaksi pelanggan, manakala sistem Pengurusan Perhubungan Pelanggan (CRM) berasaskan AI mengoptimumkan strategi maklum balas dan perkhidmatan. Kajian turut menyoroti impak AI terhadap penglibatan pelanggan dalam membina hubungan proaktif dan empati serta meningkatkan kesetiaan pelanggan. Namun, pelaksanaannya berdepan cabaran etika seperti privasi data, bias algoritma dan ketelusan sistem. Oleh itu, model AI yang bertanggungjawab dan berpusatkan manusia amat diperlukan. AI generatif juga berpotensi memperkukuh pendekatan perkhidmatan melalui integrasi teknologi seperti rantai blok (blockchain), Internet Benda (IoT) dan realiti terimbuh/maya (AR/VR). Kesimpulannya, integrasi AI bukan sahaja dapat meningkatkan kecekapan, malah membentuk paradigma baharu penyampaian perkhidmatan yang responsif dan berorientasikan pelanggan. Kajian lanjutan dicadangkan untuk menilai keberkesanan AI berbanding kaedah konvensional serta membangunkan model hibrid AI-manusia yang menggabungkan analitik teknologi dan empati manusia..
Copyright (c) 2025 Farid Arifin Md Arifin, Kamisah Osman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Women Political Participation in Nigerian General Election: An Overview on The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations
Abstract The study looked at Nigerian women political participation and its effects on democracy in the nation. Generally speaking, gender discrimination has become a major worldwide issue that has generated a range of discussions among writers regarding women's involvement and its consequences. This study's theoretical underpinnings and analytical approach were liberal feminist theory and gender streaming theory. Secondary sources of information were gathered, and qualitative content analysis was performed on the data. Numerous factors were found to have affected women's participation in Nigeria's electoral process, including the zoning formula, discrimination in laws and practices, violence, intimidation, and thuggery, as well as a lack of financial support and women's political ideas. It was also shown that these obstacles hinder their ability to cast ballots, which jeopardizes Nigeria's capacity to continue as a functioning democracy. According to the study, the current policy of women's empowerment should be modified to reflect the current circumstances. In order to preserve a democratic government for Nigeria's progress and development, this strategy also gives top attention to appointing women to positions of leadership. Abstrak Kajian ini meneliti penyertaan politik wanita Nigeria dan kesannya terhadap demokrasi di negara tersebut. Diskriminasi jantina telah menjadi persoalan besar di seluruh dunia yang menimbulkan pelbagai perbincangan dalam kalangan penulis tentang penglibatan wanita dan kepentingannya. Teori sokong bawah dan pendekatan analisis bagi kajian ini adalah teori feminis liberal dan teori pembahagian jantina. Sumber maklumat sekunder dikumpulkan, dan kandungan data ini dianalisis secara kualitatif. Terdapat pelbagai faktor yang ditemui yang telah memberi kesan kepada penyertaan wanita dalam proses pilihan raya Nigeria, termasuk formula pengezonan, diskriminasi undang-undang dan pengamalannya, keganasan, ugutan, kegiatan samseng, serta kekurangan sokongan kewangan dan idea politik wanita. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan bahawa halangan-halangan ini menjejaskan keupayaan mereka untuk mengundi, yang seterusnya mengancam kemampuan Nigeria untuk kekal berfungsi sebagai negara demokrasi. Menurut kajian ini, dasar semasa bagi pemerkasaan wanita perlu diubah supaya selaras dengan keadaan semasa. Bagi mengekalkan pemerintahan demokratik untuk kemajuan dan pembangunan Nigeria, strategi ini juga memberi keutamaan tertinggi kepada pelantikan wanita dalam jawatan kepimpinan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chinazo Destiny Ewuru, Ku Hasnita Ku Samsu, Lee Yok Fee (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Malaysia Madani Dan Toleransi Agama Dalam Era Pasca Normal: Analisis Konseptual Dan Strategi Pentadbiran
Abstrak: Makalah ini membincangkan konsep Malaysia Madani sebagai kerangka pentadbiran baharu yang diperkenalkan oleh Perdana Menteri Malaysia ke-10, Dato’ Seri Anwar Ibrahim, dalam usaha menangani cabaran era pasca normal. Fokus utama kajian ini ialah bagaimana Malaysia Madani memperkukuh nilai toleransi agama dalam masyarakat majmuk Malaysia, berbanding pendekatan terdahulu seperti Islam Hadhari. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis dokumen dan wacana dasar, serta menggabungkan teori masyarakat Madani, pascamodenisme, dan pluralisme agama. Perbandingan antara Malaysia Madani dan Islam Hadhari menunjukkan peralihan daripada pendekatan pembangunan berasaskan umat kepada pendekatan yang lebih inklusif dan responsif terhadap kepelbagaian agama dan budaya. Kajian ini turut meneliti cabaran era pasca normal seperti penyebaran maklumat palsu, polarisasi sosial, dan penghakisan autoriti, serta tindakan kerajaan dalam menangani isu-isu ini melalui dasar dan kempen strategik. Implikasi terhadap toleransi agama dianalisis melalui peranan institusi, pendidikan nilai, dan penglibatan masyarakat sivil. Makalah ini mencadangkan agar pendidikan nilai Madani diperluas, dialog antara agama diperkasa, dan komunikasi kerajaan diselaraskan secara inklusif. Kesimpulannya, Malaysia Madani menawarkan pendekatan yang lebih holistik dan kontekstual dalam memperkukuh toleransi agama dan perpaduan nasional dalam era yang serba mencabar.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ibrahim Majdi Mohamad Kamil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tribes: How Our Need to Belong Can Make or Break the Good Society. Authored by David Lammy, Constable (Little Brown). 2020. 352 pages.
In an era marked by heightened polarization, populist resurgence, and the fracturing of democratic discourse, David Lammy’s Tribes: How Our Need to Belong Can Make or Break the Good Society arrives as a timely intervention. Rather of generating another diatribe on identity politics, Lammy, Member of Parliament for Tottenham and a prominent voice on race and social justice in the United Kingdom, delivers a hybrid text that is part memoir, half sociological study, and part political reflection. His core focus is the human desire toward group affiliation, an instinct that can either reinforce the social fabric or accelerate societal breakdown. The book is solidly grounded in the transatlantic context, wrestling with the repercussions of Brexit, the racial anxieties propelling Trumpism, and the historical responsibilities of empire. Yet, its analytical lens reaches considerably beyond Britain and the United States. Lammy’s insights give conceptual and empirical tools for understanding plural, postcolonial cultures attempting to reconcile ethnic difference with national coherence. For Malaysian scholars, politicians, and readers attentive to the complexities of multicultural governance, Tribes provides a powerful lexicon with which to analyze the dynamics of belonging, exclusion, and solidarity in a varied society.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Azmir Mohd Nizah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Unveiling Mysteries against “God of the Gaps” through Scientific Breakthroughs: An Investigation on the Arguments of Human and Adamic Exceptionalism
Darwin’s single idea, namely the evolution of species, is taking strong ground in every field of scientific research in contemporary times. From the quantum fluctuation of nothingness, scientists have investigated and tried to grasp the evolution of our current universe using an evolutionary perspective. Consequently, we are witnessing that the perception of “God of the Gaps” is being replaced by new scientific discoveries. Richard Dawkins wrote the book entitled, ‘The Ancestor Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution’. Dawkins showed in that book how the Pilgrimage of organisms took place on this planet propounding the evolutionary perspective. All religions and ideologies are affected by the evolutionary perspective now. What would be the future implications for religions ( especially Islam) if the notion of “God of the gaps” is filled up with experimental data? Will human exceptionalism and Adamic exceptionalism, along with creationism, be just sophistry for theologians and philosophers as scientific research progresses? This research uses qualitative methodology to understand the future ethical implications of Islam in secular narratives. The research finds that Islamic literature produces abstract and ambiguous literature regarding the evolutionary perspective. This research suggests that ambiguity in Islamic narratives can potentially hamper and create confusion among Muslim youths. Abstrak: Dalam era kontemporari, evolusi spesies yang merupakan idea utama Darwin semakin ketara pada setiap bidang penyelidikan saintifik. Berdasarkan turun naik kuantum ketiadaan (quantum of nothingness), sainstis telah menyelidik dan berusaha memahami evolusi alam semesta melalui perspektif evolusi. Kesannya, konsep "Gods of the Gaps" kerap digantikan dengan penemuan saintifik yang baharu. Richard Dawkins, dalam bukunya The Ancestor’s Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution, menerangkan bagaimana ziarah organisma berlaku di planet ini dalam kerangka evolusi. Kini, semua agama dan ideologi tidak terlepas daripada pengaruh perspektif evolusi. Namun, apakah implikasi masa depan bagi agama, khususnya Islam, jika konsep "God of the Gaps" semakin diisi dengan data eksperimen? Adakah keistimewaan manusia dan pengecualian Adam, berserta konsep penciptaan, akan menjadi cabaran baharu bagi ahli teologi dan ahli falsafah seiring dengan perkembangan penyelidikan saintifik? Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif untuk memahami implikasi etika Islam dalam naratif sekular pada masa hadapan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kesusasteraan Islam sering menghasilkan wacana yang abstrak dan samar-samar mengenai perspektif evolusi. Kekaburan dalam naratif Islam ini berpotensi menimbulkan kekeliruan dan cabaran pemahaman dalam kalangan remaja Muslim.
Copyright (c) 2025 Md Maruf Hasan, Muhammad Mumtaz Ali, Faruque Hossain, Adibah Abdul Rahim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0